Researchers conducted a clinical trial that found daily consumption of grapes could improve skin health, particularly in relation to UV exposure. The study involved 116 skin biopsies collected from volunteers before and after they integrated grape powder into their diets, highlighting the potential impact of nutrition on skin resilience.
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Previously, a phase of the research involved 29 participants who consumed freeze-dried grape powder equivalent to three servings of grapes for two weeks. This initial study indicated changes in gut microbiome and chemical composition in the body, with about 30% of participants showing increased resistance to UV radiation, requiring higher UV exposure to incite skin redness.
In the latest phase, researchers gathered four skin biopsies from each volunteer to assess gene activity and tissue changes in both UV-exposed and non-exposed areas. Notably, the emphasis was on four participants who did not demonstrate increased UV resilience through typical measures. Even without visible changes, the study found decreased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker for UV-related skin injury, indicating that these participants’ skin produced less damage after grape consumption.
The research team proposed a novel understanding of how grape compounds might affect gene regulation rather than merely acting as antioxidants. This dietary change also altered blood fat profiles, improving the skin barrier's overall health by increasing phosphatidylserine and phosphatidyl choline, fats linked to better skin function and reduced inflammation. The study observed a general rise in unsaturated fatty acids alongside a decrease in saturated varieties, which could lead to lower LDL cholesterol levels.
The most striking finding was the modification of gene activity in the skin. While individual responses varied greatly, there was a clear activation of genes related to keratinization and cornification processes, which enhance skin defense against UV radiation and maintain skin hydration and firmness. This study marks the first instance of grape consumption influencing gene activity in skin tissue.
The researchers believe this effect may be linked to the gut-skin axis, a communication pathway where grape compounds are transformed by the gut microbiome, ultimately impacting skin health through gene expression. Although funded by the California Table Grape Commission, the findings suggest that dietary choices can significantly influence skin resilience at a molecular level, emphasizing that natural foods may provide benefits beyond topical skincare products. However, the study does not advocate for replacing sun protection with increased grape intake.